as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　1. as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成the same

　　as, suchas, soas, asas等結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是說(shuō)，先行詞之前一旦出現(xiàn)same, such, so, as這些詞時(shí)，而先行詞的后面又跟著一個(gè)從句，這時(shí)就要考慮是不是要用as作為關(guān)系詞來(lái)連接這個(gè)詞和這個(gè)句子。 例如：

　　No period in history has had as many important changes as have taken place in the past century. (as 作主語(yǔ)) It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read. (as作賓語(yǔ))

　　A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.(as作賓語(yǔ))

　　I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as作狀語(yǔ))

　　Her skin is as white as snow is. (as作表語(yǔ)) 注意：(1)關(guān)系代詞as在限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句里做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，絕不能省略。為什么我要讓大家注意呢?

　　因?yàn)榇蠹視?huì)聯(lián)想到that和which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，做從句里的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。但是，大家要記住，我們今天講的是as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，as在定語(yǔ)從句里做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，是絕不能省略的。沒(méi)有為什么，這就是語(yǔ)言的習(xí)慣。舉幾個(gè)例子大家看看。

　　Nowadays, women can receive the same pay as men can receive. 這句話里面，as就絕不能省略。 而這句話

　　Nowadays, women can receive the same pay that men can receive. 里面的that就可以省略。 所以，這句話也可以說(shuō)成 Nowadays, women can receive the same pay men can receive.

　　(2)剛說(shuō)過(guò)的這個(gè)例子大家可能已經(jīng)注意到the same as 和the same that這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)了。當(dāng)先行

　　詞被 the same 所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞既可以用 as，也可以用 that，那么這兩者又有什么區(qū)別呢?在表示具體事物時(shí)，有時(shí)兩者有一定的區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，表示同一種類多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that，來(lái)看個(gè)例子：

　　This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 這臺(tái)儀器跟我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)一樣。 This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 這就是我昨天用過(guò)的那臺(tái)儀器。 大家看這兩句話的意思已經(jīng)明白它們的區(qū)別了吧?as表示的是一樣的，同一種類的`事物，但會(huì)不

　　會(huì)就是那個(gè)他用過(guò)的呢?不一定。而that則完完全全地是我用過(guò)的。

　　但是表示抽象概念時(shí)，同種類和同一事物是沒(méi)有絕對(duì)區(qū)別的，所以兩個(gè)詞可換用，請(qǐng)看例句 I have the same opinion as / that you have.

　　2. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。as代指整個(gè)主句，而as引導(dǎo)的這個(gè)定 語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句的，可以放在主句之前或者之后。 例如：

　　As we all know, he studies very hard.(as代整個(gè)句子，作賓語(yǔ)) 也可說(shuō) He studies very hard, as we all know. As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.(as代整個(gè)句子，作主語(yǔ)) 也可說(shuō) He is the best student in our class, as is known to all. 一些常見(jiàn)的句式有：as is said above, 正如/就像上面所說(shuō)的， as is already mentioned above, 正如/就像剛才

　　已經(jīng)提到的，as is known to all, 正如/就像大家都知道的，as is reported in the newspaper, 正如報(bào)紙上報(bào)道的那樣。大家發(fā)現(xiàn)特點(diǎn)沒(méi)有啊?as在句子里面的意思是“正如”“就像”

　　注意：(1)關(guān)系代詞which和as在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是有區(qū)別的，它們的區(qū)別就是是：which引導(dǎo)的非 限制性定語(yǔ)從句，絕不能放在句首，而as則可以;就像我們剛看到的例子一樣， He studies very hard, as we all know. 也可說(shuō)As we all know, he studies very hard.

　　而要是換成which的話，這句話只能說(shuō)成是 He studies very hard, which we all know. 在句中時(shí)，as有“正如”“就像”之意，而which則沒(méi)有此意�，F(xiàn)在請(qǐng)大家看這兩句話 He studies very hard, which we all know. He studies very hard, as we all know.

　　請(qǐng)問(wèn)這兩句話有什么區(qū)別嗎?答案是有。盡管as和which都做know的賓語(yǔ)，但是我來(lái)看看這兩句的意思。He studies very hard, which we all know. 這句話意思是他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，這點(diǎn)我們都知道。而He studies very hard, as we all know. 這句話意思是他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，正如大家知道的那樣。大家體會(huì)出差別來(lái)沒(méi)有?大家做道題

　　Beijing government puts more than 700 million Yuan to increase its green space this year, ___ doubles the money provided last year. 這句話里面填as還是which?把兩個(gè)詞帶到句子里面分別體會(huì)一下意思。

　　(2)which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句作從句里面的介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以提到which前面，請(qǐng)看例句

　　Eric received training in computer for one year, after which he found a job in a big company. 而as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句作從句里面的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能把介詞提到as前面的。

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