托福語法指導(dǎo)平行結(jié)構(gòu)及真題要點(diǎn)解析
1. 含并列連詞and but or的平行結(jié)構(gòu)
解題要點(diǎn) 當(dāng)上述并列連詞連接兩項或多項對等成分時,這些成分必須同詞性、同形式。特別注意出現(xiàn)三項以上(含三項)的并列成分,多是考試焦點(diǎn)。 全真例題分析
。1) Quartz may be transparency, translucent, or opaque, and it may be colorless or colored (91.5)
[答案] A 并列連詞or連接三項,其中兩項為形容詞translucent與opaque,故(A)應(yīng)用形容詞transparent與之并列。
。2) At the age of 94. Composer, conductor. Arranger. And acting Eva Jessye led her choral group in the first production of the opera porgy and Bess, written in 1935. (92.1)
[答案] A 并列連詞and連接四項表示身份職業(yè)的名詞,故(A)動名詞應(yīng)改為actress.
。3) Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body such as (91.10)
[答案] C 并列連詞or連接四項名詞結(jié)構(gòu),其中cell 和organ皆為單數(shù)形式,故(C)亦應(yīng)改為單數(shù)tissue.
。4) Direct mail advertising serves to acquaint customers with Products, alert them to new opportunities, and paving the way for other sales activities (93.1)
[答案] C 并列連詞and連接三項動賓結(jié)構(gòu),前兩項均為動詞原形,故(C)動名詞亦應(yīng)改為原形動詞pave.
。5) A majority of the reports received from people claiming to have seen the lengendaiy Loch Ness monster have proven to be mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. (93.10)
[答案] D 并列連詞or連接三項成分。前兩項均為名詞,故(D)不應(yīng)出現(xiàn)句子結(jié)構(gòu),而應(yīng)改為名詞tricks與前面的mistakes和misconceptions平行。
。6) The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays vital rode in chewing, swallowed and speaking.
[答案] D 并列連詞and連接三個單詞。其中兩項均為動名詞,故(D)亦應(yīng)改為動名詞swallowing.
2. 比較級句型要求對比雙方結(jié)構(gòu)對等,比較范圍相當(dāng)。
全真列題分析
。1) Probably no man had more effcet on the daily lives of most people in the United States —— Henry Ford. A pioneer in automobile production.
。ˋ) as was
(B) than was
。–) than did
。―) as did (92.8)
[答案] C 比較句型 more…than 要求比較的雙方結(jié)構(gòu)相等。前項是實(shí)義動詞的.過去時形式had,故選(C)than did與之平行。
(2) The state of Maine generally has cooler temperatures than ——
。ˋ) there are most other states
。˙) most other states which have
。–) most other states have
。―) having most other states (93.10)
[答案] C 這是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的more…than比較句型。只有(C)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)與相對比的前一項完全一致。
。3) The annual worth of Utah*s manufacturing is greater than——
。ˋ) that of its mining and farming combined
。˙) mining and farming combination
。–) that mining and farming combined
(D) of its combination mining and farming (91.8)
[答案] A 此句比較的是utah的年產(chǎn)值(the annual worth) (A)中that即代替了the annual worth,故前后比較的范圍,內(nèi)容一致。
。4) The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than——
。ˋ) the domestic marketer has
。˙) the domestic marketer does
。–) those of the domestic marketer
。―) that which has the domestic marketer (91.5)
[答案] C 此句比較的是國際市場研究者與國內(nèi)市場研究者的活動(the activities) 為避免同詞重復(fù),用(C)those來代替前面的名詞the activities ,因而對比雙方比較的范圍是平行相等的。
。5) Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter ——
。ˋ) than cane sugar does
。˙) does cane sugar
。–) cane sugar
。―) than cane sugar (90.5)
[答案] D 此比較句型前半部分主系表結(jié)構(gòu),后半部不可出現(xiàn)助動詞does(答案A及B),但可省略系詞,如(D)。
3. 比較句型 the +比較級…the+比較級要求前后結(jié)構(gòu)相等。 全真例題分析
。1) The flatter a hair appears under a microscope —— wavier it is.
。ˋ) although
。˙) which
。–) and
。―) the (92.1)
[答案] D The flatter a hair appears 與(D)the wavier it is 是完全對等的結(jié)構(gòu)。
比較級 主語 謂語動詞 比較級 主語 系動詞
。2) The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, —— to the body.
。ˋ) the stress it is greater
(B) greater is the stress
。–) greater stress is
(D) the greater the stress (90.1)
[答案] D The less the surface 與答案(D) the greater the stress 是完全對等的結(jié)構(gòu)。
4. 語意上的平行結(jié)構(gòu)
解題要點(diǎn) 有一些詞和短語表達(dá)比較的概念,盡管不是比較級句型,但同樣要求前后對比雙方同形式,同性質(zhì)。
全真例題分析
。1) Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather of the deaf —— of the telephone.
(A) than inventing
。˙) than as the inventor
。–) the invention
(D) as the inventor (90.8)
[答案] B 表示比較概念的短語would rather …than應(yīng)使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2) Thomas Jefferson*s achievements as an architect rival his contributions —— a politician.
。ˋ) such
。˙) more
。–) as
。―) than (90.1)
[答案] C 動詞rival (比得上)要求比較二項結(jié)構(gòu)相等。
。3) California*s agricultural supremacy dates from 1947. When its farm output first —— any other state.
(A) that exceeded
。˙) exceeded that
。–) exceeded that of
(D) that exceeded of (92.10)
[答案] C 動詞exceeded (超過)要求比較的內(nèi)容相當(dāng)。(C)代詞that用以指代比較的內(nèi)容“farm output”
(4) It is common lcnowledge that a flash of lightning is seen before a clap of thunder heard . (93.5)
[答案] D 連詞 be fore用以引出先后發(fā)生的兩個動作。從句意上看。這兩個動作是對比關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用平行結(jié)構(gòu)。(D)改為a clap of thunder is heard ,與a flash of lightning is seen 相平衡。
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