作形式主語(yǔ)真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式，七定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的詞短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)，三用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，作形式主語(yǔ)真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式，七定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的詞短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)
英語(yǔ)劃分句子成分練習(xí)題及答案
英語(yǔ)劃分句子成分
（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。
（二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.（數(shù)詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞）
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語(yǔ)從句）
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）
（三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：
1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.
（四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如※以肯定的語(yǔ)氣敘述主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用系動(dòng)詞be※表示說(shuō)話人所感知的主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞用look,feel,sound,taste,smell※表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)變化時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞用become,get,grow,come,turn(若跟名詞不加冠詞)，fall(asleep,ill,silent)等，后面大多數(shù)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。但become,turn亦可接名詞作表語(yǔ)等※表示主語(yǔ)的持續(xù)時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞用remain,stay,keep,continue※從印象的角度說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)和特征時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞用appeartobe(常用于書(shū)面)，seem(tobe)☆1、其后要求接形容詞，而不是副詞作表語(yǔ)。要特別注意的是有些動(dòng)詞既可以作系動(dòng)詞，又可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的用法。遇到這種情況時(shí)，只能先根據(jù)其意思判斷清楚到底是前者還是后者，然后再對(duì)后面的詞性和詞義作出判斷和選擇。2、這類詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。3、系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)式)。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）Isityours?（代詞）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（愛(ài)好）isplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Timeisup.Theclaisover.（副詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）
（五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞）
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞）
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語(yǔ)從句）賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），要求雙賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))的動(dòng)詞，直接賓語(yǔ)提前，動(dòng)詞后加to或for，現(xiàn)歸納如下。①后面加to的動(dòng)詞：give給tell告訴bring帶來(lái)send寄，送hand交給read讀pa遞給return把……還給……lend借給throw扔……給……leave留給promise許諾，答應(yīng)refuse拒絕
②后面加for的動(dòng)詞：get得到make制造，做buy買do做play演奏order命令
sing唱歌pay為……而付錢
（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)�！e語(yǔ)+名詞”常用于改結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave※賓語(yǔ)+形容詞”常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want▲“賓語(yǔ)+副詞”�！百e語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”�！百e語(yǔ)+不定式”。充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的不定式有三種：A要求帶to的不定式B要求不帶to的不定式let,make,have，see,,watch,,lookat,hear,listento,feel等，用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，要省去“to”。但用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，還要加上“to等C單詞help后可加to或不加to▲“賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞”see,,watch,,lookat,hear,listento,feel▲“賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”▲形式賓語(yǔ)＋形容詞▲賓語(yǔ)+what從句+※主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。
例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Letthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）
（七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞）
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動(dòng)名詞）
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語(yǔ)）
（八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)�？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆篖ighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語(yǔ)）
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語(yǔ)）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語(yǔ)）Waitaminute.（名詞）
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語(yǔ)從句）
簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型口訣
英語(yǔ)句子萬(wàn)萬(wàn)千，五大句型把線牽。句型種類為動(dòng)詞，后接什么是關(guān)鍵；vt.又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見(jiàn)；還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，各種搭配記心間。
注意：帶特殊疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)作直接賓語(yǔ)是一種很常用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(間接)+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式
簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型
主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞Shecame．/Myheadaches.
主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)ShelikesEnglish.
主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)Sheishappy．
主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)ShegaveJohnabook．
Sheboughtabookforme.
主語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Shemakeshermotherangry．
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.）
練習(xí)一
一、指出下列句子句子成分：
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.21.Whenyoucroamainroad,youmustbecareful.
22Hewentouttoplayfootballafterhehadfinishedhishomework.
23Waituntilyouarecalled.24Ican'trecognizeyou.Youaresochangedsincelastwemet.25Hedidn'tgotoschooluntilhewaseleven.26.Youcanusemyhouseaslongasyouarecareful.
27.Heissoterribleonceheisdrunk.28IlistentotheradiowhileIwalkeveryevening.
29.Putitwhereyoufoundit.You'llbelate,unleyouhurry.30Ididjustasyoutoldme。
31.Theyaresuchwonderfulplayersthatnoonecanbeatthem.
32.Wearrivedearly, http://m.lady-power.com
34.Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.
35.Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.
36.Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.
37.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.
38.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?
39.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.40.It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave
41.·Heisyoungbutheworkshard.42..Heworkshard,soheisatopstudentofclass
42.Hurryup,orwe'llbelate.44.Werarelystayinhotels,forwecan’taffordit
45.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.46.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
47.Itshouldbedoneatonce.48.Hewasseentocomein.49.LilywasgivenastickerbyJack
50.Isacarbeingdrivennow?
二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)（—）、謂語(yǔ)（＝）、賓語(yǔ)（～）：
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)（—）、狀語(yǔ)（＝）、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（～）：
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.
InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
四、選擇填空：
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______ http://m.lady-power.com aded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We, http://m.lady-power.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday____Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where1Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.2Themeetingwilllasttwohours.
3Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.
4Thisboxweighsfivekilos.5IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.
6Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.7.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.
8Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.9.Jimcannotdrehimself.
10.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.11.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.
12MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.13Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.
14Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.15Thereportsoundsinteresting.
15MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear16Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.17Wouldyoupleasepamethedictionary?18Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.
19WecallherAlice.20Allofusconsideredhimhonest.21Theyhavesetthethieffree.22Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.23Heaskedustojoininthegame
24TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.25EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud..26’llgetmyrecordermended.27Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.28Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.
29Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.
30Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclabegins.
Therebe句型
1Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.
5Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.6
6Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffice.
7Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.8Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.9Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.10Therecomesthebus.
11Thereremainedjusttwenty-eightdollars.
12Infrontofthecave,therestands(grows)atallpinetree.
13Theregoesthebell.14Therearetwenty-eightdaysinFebruary