定語(yǔ)從句的相關(guān)知識(shí)
一、什么是定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
一般情況下,如果先行詞表示人的名詞或代詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用who,whom或that。who和that在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。
whose在從句中常作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ),通常指人,也可以指物,表示“誰的……”.。
先行詞如果是表示物的名詞或代詞時(shí),用that或which均可,但有些情況只能用that,有些情況只能用which。
三、在下列情況下,定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞多用that
1. 當(dāng)先行詞為all,something,anything等不定代詞時(shí)用that。如:
You should tell me all(that)you have know about.
你因該把你所知道的情況告訴我。
Here is something that my father needs.
這正是我父親所需要的東西。
2. 當(dāng)先行詞被every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí),用that。如:
He has spent all the money that his father gave him.
他已經(jīng)把父親給他的錢都花掉了。
Tom tried every means that he could do to finish the job on time but he failed.
為了完成工作,湯姆想盡了一切辦法,但他還是失敗了。
3. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),用that。如:
This is the second letter that I received from my younger sister this month.
這是我這個(gè)月收到我妹妹的第二封信。
Gone with the Wind is one of the best films that I have ever seen.《亂世佳人》是我看過的最好的影片之一。
4. 先行詞被only, very, same, last等詞修飾時(shí),用that。如:
This is the only book that you can read in these few days.
這是你最近幾天能看的唯一一本書了。
That is the very magazine that he is looking for .
那正是他要找的那本雜志。
4. 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)用that。如:
The distance that you are from home is immaterial.
你離家的距離是微不足道的。
6. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)中已出現(xiàn)which而為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)使用that。如:
Which is the book that you need?
你需要的是哪一本書呢?
7. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只用that。如:
He can see two boys and some trees that are at a distance of five hundred meters.
他看見在五百米外有兩個(gè)男孩和一些樹。
四、在下列情況中則多用which
1. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句多用which。如:
Canada, which is in North America, is the second largest country in the world.
位于北美洲的加拿大是世界第二大國(guó)。
2. 介詞之后的定語(yǔ)從句多用which。如:
This is the stamp for which he is looking.
這正是他要找的那枚郵票。
3.“those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”之后的定語(yǔ)從句,用which。如:
A supermarket should keep a stock of those goods which sell well.
商場(chǎng)應(yīng)儲(chǔ)存一些銷量好的'商品。
4.定語(yǔ)從句離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí),用which。如:
My grandmother gave me a gift of great value on my birthday which I liked very much.
在我生日的那一天,我奶奶給了我一件非常珍貴的禮物,我非常喜歡它。
5. 先行詞為代詞that時(shí),為避免重復(fù),其后的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞多用which(非正式英語(yǔ)也用that)。如:
He told me that which I had told you before.
他告訴我的是以前我曾經(jīng)給你說過的那件事。
五、在下列情況下,關(guān)系代詞一般用who(指人)
1. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,用who。如:
Lincoln,who was murdered at a theatre in Washington,D.C.,died on April 15,1865.
林肯在首都華盛頓的一家劇院被人暗殺,于1865
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