定語(yǔ)從句怎么寫(xiě)
定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)比較熟悉也是作文中出現(xiàn)最多的一種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),甚至有的作文中只有簡(jiǎn)單句和定語(yǔ)從句兩種句型。下面是小編整理的定語(yǔ)從句怎么寫(xiě),歡迎大家閱讀參考,希望幫助到你。
定語(yǔ)從句怎么寫(xiě)
一、吃透句子成分,能找出簡(jiǎn)單句中的主、賓、表、定語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)等成分。
主語(yǔ):
主語(yǔ) (Subject) 是一個(gè)句子的主體,一般位于句首。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等均可用作主語(yǔ)。例如:
I’m fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. 我喜歡姐姐,但她有個(gè)嚴(yán)重的缺點(diǎn)。 (人教①U3)
My background is traditional Chinese music. 我的背景是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)。 (外研⑥M4)
To find a best friend is difficult. 找到一個(gè)好朋友不容易。 (譯林⑤U1)
No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. 誰(shuí)也說(shuō)不準(zhǔn),并且預(yù)測(cè)也是件冒險(xiǎn)的事。 (外研④M1)
What is even more unbelievable is the fact that some murderers are let out of prison after three or four years. 更不可思議的是一些殺人犯三四年后獲釋出獄。 (北師大⑧U24)
賓語(yǔ):
賓語(yǔ) (Object) 是動(dòng)作的承受者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞之后。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等均可用作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
We often do homework together and we enjoy helping each other. 我們經(jīng)常一起做作業(yè),樂(lè)于彼此幫忙。 (人教①U1)
He also writes film music. 他也寫(xiě)影視音樂(lè)。 (外研②M3)
I’ve tried and failed to make paper with all these plants. 我嘗試了,但是用所有這些植物也沒(méi)能造成紙。 (譯林②U3)
I hope I can go there to study. 我希望能去那里學(xué)習(xí)。
二、學(xué)好簡(jiǎn)單句,在簡(jiǎn)單句中深入認(rèn)識(shí)及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞
英語(yǔ)的句子根據(jù)其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三種類型:簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡(jiǎn)單句有六種基本句型,英語(yǔ)里形形色色、千變?nèi)f化的句子皆由這六種基本句型演變而來(lái)。學(xué)好簡(jiǎn)單句是學(xué)好并列句和復(fù)合句的前提。
1. 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語(yǔ)一般由不及物動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。例如:
Mrs. Black and her children talked and laughed. 布萊克夫人和她的孩子們有說(shuō)有笑。
Over 500 types of native American animals and plants have disappeared. 美洲已有500多種本土動(dòng)植物消失。
2. 主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)
常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有:be (是),become (變成),seem (看起來(lái)),appear (顯得),get (變得),grow (變得),turn (變成),remain (仍然是),come (變得),fall (變得), hold (保持),keep (保持),stand (保持),stay (保持),smell (聞起來(lái)),look (看上去), sound (聽(tīng)起來(lái)),taste (嘗起來(lái)),feel (摸起來(lái))等。例如:
It is a way of thinking. 這是一種思考方式。 (人教②U5)
Its walls remain as good as before. 城墻仍然和以前一樣好。 (人教②U1)
All of the food looks, smells and tastes wonderful. 所有食物都色、香、味俱佳。
3. 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)
這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語(yǔ)一般由及物動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。例如:
The museum also has an excellent restaurant. 博物館里還有一家極好的餐館。 (人教⑥U1)
I like taking risks. 我喜歡冒險(xiǎn)。 (北師大⑤U14)
The rapid development of tourism has created many job opportunities. 旅游業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了很多工作機(jī)會(huì)。
4. 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)
直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)合稱為雙賓語(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)一般為人,直接賓語(yǔ)一般為物。常見(jiàn)的能帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有:give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take, wish, show, offer,teach, get, award, lend, rent, buy, pay, hand, recommend 等。例如:
I’ll lend you something to read. 我借些書(shū)給你看。
You gave me some good advice. 你給了我一些好建議。 (譯林①U2)
5. 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的及物動(dòng)詞有:elect, feel,find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, make, notice, see, let, smell, start, watch, appoint, believe, call, catch, allow, ask, cause, consider, expect, know, tell, think, want, wish, listen to, look at等。例如:
I didn’t want all three men to die. 我不想那三個(gè)人死。 (外研⑤M3)
My wife calls me a “movie fan”. 我妻子稱我為“電影迷”。 (北師大①U1)
I saw them walking across the road. 我看到他們穿過(guò)那條馬路。
We’ll have the room redecorated. 我們會(huì)請(qǐng)人把房間重新裝修一下。
6. there be 句型
there be句型常用來(lái)表示“在某地 / 某時(shí)有某物 / 某人”。 在此句型中,there是引導(dǎo)詞,無(wú)實(shí)義,其主語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞之后的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。be在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)和其后的主語(yǔ)(名詞) 保持一致,即主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。若be后有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與鄰近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。例如:
There is a pen and some books on the desk. 書(shū)桌上有支鋼筆和幾本書(shū)。
In Indonesia there is a wildlife park for endangered animals. 在印度尼西亞有一個(gè)野生動(dòng)物園,它是專門(mén)為瀕臨絕種的動(dòng)物設(shè)立的。
拓展:改造定語(yǔ)從句的3大方法
但是這樣的'句子在大部分的學(xué)員作文中出現(xiàn)的比較多,那怎么樣讓差生定語(yǔ)從句逆襲呢。其實(shí)有多種方法,今天我們先介紹大家容易掌握的3個(gè)方法。
1:如果定語(yǔ)從句修飾名詞,而且定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞,也就是N 關(guān)系代詞BE 形式,這個(gè)時(shí)候我們可以把關(guān)系代詞+be動(dòng)詞省略
比如:
A vast majority of people who are invited to t;、he party are well-known scientists.
我們就可以把who are省略,改為:A vast majority of people invited to the party are well-known scientists.
這樣我們就把原來(lái)普通的定語(yǔ)從句做定語(yǔ)改為了過(guò)去分詞(非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的一種)做定語(yǔ),而分詞在書(shū)面英語(yǔ)中是一種常用而且比較書(shū)面的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),所以建議想考6分以上的烤鴨們多多使用。
Employees who are from rural areas will confronted with many problems in major cities.(定語(yǔ)從句做定語(yǔ))
Employees from rural areas will confronted with many problems in major cities.(介詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ))
The number of students who cannot attend university is decreasing.
The number of students who are unable to have access to tertiary education is decreasing.
The number of students unable to have access to tertiary education is decreasing.(形容詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ))
再比如:
Television which has been as one of the most fascinating inventions in the 20th century is now penetrating into every family.
Television, one of the most fascinating inventions in the 20th century, is now penetrating into every family.(同位語(yǔ))
所以當(dāng)作文中有多出類似的定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),我們可以省略關(guān)系代詞be動(dòng)詞或者把實(shí)意動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為be動(dòng)詞之后再省略,這樣作文中就可以出現(xiàn)其他語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)做定語(yǔ),例如非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),介詞短語(yǔ),形容詞短語(yǔ),或同位語(yǔ),而不單單是定語(yǔ)從句。那這樣句型是不是就多樣化了呢?
2:如果出現(xiàn)“名詞關(guān)系代詞實(shí)意動(dòng)詞”,這個(gè)時(shí)候我們可以替換為:n doing sth 形式。
比如:
Education, which helps children develop their thinking and accumulate their knowledge , is a deciding factor of one's success.
Education,helping children develop their thinking and accumulate their knowledge , is a deciding factor of one's success.
We told them they were the victims who deserved sympathy the most.
We told them they were the victims deserving sympathy the most
3:如果作文中出現(xiàn)了“,which”修飾其前面整句話的時(shí)候怎么改呢?
A-非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語(yǔ): SVO, (thus)doing sth
B-概括性同位語(yǔ): SVO,a/an 概括性名詞that SVO
比如剛才提到的例句:
children spend much time watching TV,which gives rises to many health problems like obesity and poor eyesight.
children spend much time watching TV, giving rises to many health problems like obesity and poor eyesight.
children spend much time watching TV,a bad habit that gives rises to many health problems like obesity and poor eyesight.
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