2005年托�？荚嚶�(tīng)力真題回顧
有的考生會(huì)回顧2005年的托�？荚嚕渲幸徊糠志褪锹�(tīng)力真題的回顧。為此百分網(wǎng)小編與大家一起回顧2005年托福考試的聽(tīng)力真題。
2005年托福考試聽(tīng)力真題：5月
Part B
Question 31-33
W: Hi, Ed. Looks like you were here early.
M: Yeah. Class doesn't start for a ten more minutes, so I put up the novel I’m reading.
W: What is it?
M: It is called Sister Carrie. It is about a woman named Carrie who leaves her country home to earn a living in Chicago and New York.
W: Oh, I've studied Theodore Dreiser(美國(guó)小說(shuō)家). His work is a little depressing, but I like him, even though his characters always get in trouble. He tricks them with sympathy. How do you like Sister Carrie?
M: It's not what I expected. On the back cover it says the book created a lot of controversy when it was first published in 1900. It even says the publisher withdrew out from market after only 500 copies were sold. But I don't see why.
W: Well. The novel might not be shocking by our standards but it sure created a stir then. Think about what Carrie does. She leaves her country home and gets caught up in some personal scandals in the city. Now most other authors of that time would have punished the character to provide a moral lesson, but Dreiser has Carrie become a successful actress at the end.
M: Wow, that puts the story in a different perspective. I bet Dreiser must have been discouraged when the publisher took it off from market.
W: He sure was. He stopped writing fictions for a while and did work as a journalist and an editor.
M: Well, how did the book become recognized?
W: Some British reviewers praised the novel and then another publisher released it in 1907. Eventually people recognized the novel for its realism and Dreiser went on to write other successful works.
31. What is the conversation mainly about?
32. According to the woman, how is Sister Carrie different from other novels at its time?
33. How did Sister Carrie eventually gain recognition?
Question34-38
M: Before we began today's topic, I'd like to review the phases of child language acquisition that we went over yesterday. Who'd like to summarize for us? Yes, Lisa.
W: Well, first of all, you said that new-borns only make rudimentary vocalizations because the voice box isn't in position for speech yet. But that at about three month of age baby starts to utter the first sounds that resemble language sounds. The sounds of consonants like "k" and "g".
M: That's right. And after this stage come the meaningless syllables, a consonant followed by a vowel. For example, the "dada" sounds. And at the next stage comes a real breakthrough. Can you tell us about that, Lisa?
W: Well, between six months and one year of age, babies begin to associate sounds with meaning. So, when you say "dog", they know you're referring to the four-legged animal that is their house pet. At this stage they start to build a vocabulary. And in a matter of month they are learning ten to twenty new words a day. This vocabulary growth continues until adolescents.
M: Right. And isn’t it amazing that by the time children are two or three years old they are stringing sentences together? Certainly no one would dispute that children had a tremendous capacity for learning language, what linguists are still trying to determine is how this language acquisition takes place.
34. What is the class mainly discussing?
35. Why does the student mention the sound "k" and "g"?
36. According to the student, why are the news born not able to make language like sounds?
37. According to the discussion, when the vocabulary growth first starts to increase dramatically?
38. According to the discussion, what do the linguists still not know?
托福聽(tīng)力的備考技巧
一、聽(tīng)文章次數(shù)要限制。
如果一篇聽(tīng)力文章你聽(tīng)了好多遍還是聽(tīng)不懂，而你還是執(zhí)著的一直聽(tīng)下去，這只說(shuō)你是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。如果聽(tīng)的次數(shù)多了仍舊聽(tīng)不懂的，再聽(tīng)多少遍的結(jié)果還是一樣的。這時(shí)我們就要去找找原因了，是因?yàn)檫B讀、詞匯不認(rèn)識(shí)還是習(xí)語(yǔ)不懂等。這里小站教育編輯提醒大家，如果一篇文章聽(tīng)了4-5遍還是沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，就去找原因。如此練習(xí)那么你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn)原因你很容易就能聽(tīng)懂了。并課后把你之前沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)，直到掌握這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決方法，那么你的聽(tīng)力水平就不知不覺(jué)的得到了提高。
二、要多背單詞。
托福詞匯是整個(gè)托�？荚嚨幕A(chǔ)，無(wú)論是托�？荚嚨哪囊粋�(gè)科目，你都需要掌握足夠量的詞匯。在托福聽(tīng)力考試中，特別是是名詞大家一定要把真題練習(xí)中的所有名詞都去背一下，因這些都將會(huì)是聽(tīng)力文章中長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的重要特征，其實(shí)聽(tīng)懂這些往往對(duì)你猜測(cè)答案有意想不到的效果，其實(shí)一般長(zhǎng)對(duì)話一般不會(huì)和我們常識(shí)相反的事物。
三、堅(jiān)持以真題為材料練習(xí)。
在托福聽(tīng)力備考過(guò)程中，考生要充分了分和熟悉托福聽(tīng)力真題，再還沒(méi)有掌握真題之前最好不要接觸課外學(xué)習(xí)資料，比如說(shuō)VOA、FRIENDS等資料，特別像是瘋狂英語(yǔ)(精品課)之類(lèi)的。如果你能聽(tīng)懂這些，那么你的英語(yǔ)水平就非常不一般了，面對(duì)托福聽(tīng)力應(yīng)該會(huì)拿到一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的分?jǐn)?shù)了。
四、托福聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)對(duì)話必須要同時(shí)做題。
很多同學(xué)在做托福聽(tīng)力的時(shí)候都是先聽(tīng)，然后再去做題，這樣是最錯(cuò)誤的做法，正確的做法是先看題，然后邊聽(tīng)邊做。因?yàn)檫@樣你可以避免造成聽(tīng)后不反應(yīng)文章意思的惡習(xí)，的確你能聽(tīng)懂文章的大部分意思，基本可以做對(duì)題，那么如果你理解的意思是錯(cuò)誤的呢，那么你就來(lái)不及更正答案了;聽(tīng)力答案偶爾也會(huì)有陷阱，可能D比B好，那么你一上來(lái)就選擇了B，所以這種細(xì)心和靈感是需要平時(shí)養(yǎng)成的;還有一種情況萬(wàn)一你聽(tīng)不懂的情況下，你看著選項(xiàng)必須要去猜題了，這個(gè)猜其實(shí)包含了你使用一些聽(tīng)到的詞匯來(lái)做推測(cè)，如果你事先看了題目，那么你猜對(duì)機(jī)率就會(huì)大很多。
五、選擇答案技巧。
一般情況對(duì)于聽(tīng)力的短答案一定要先掃描一下，這些答案往往是和時(shí)間，比值，問(wèn)題順序和文章順序是一致的，如果出現(xiàn)在第二題中，則答案基本在對(duì)話開(kāi)頭部分，這時(shí)你只要盯著答案選項(xiàng)，聽(tīng)到哪個(gè)就選擇哪個(gè)，保證是正確的答案。否則一旦你漏聽(tīng)了，那么神仙也救不了你了，因?yàn)榇鸢负芏蹋识趯?duì)話中提及的時(shí)間也相對(duì)較短，一個(gè)不注意就有可能會(huì)漏掉。
六、要對(duì)真題有研究。
這里說(shuō)的對(duì)真題的研究是研究文字和選項(xiàng)的規(guī)律而不是文字和選項(xiàng)的關(guān)系，托福聽(tīng)力考試中的每一類(lèi)題型都是有規(guī)律可循的。如果你對(duì)真題有研究的話，那么你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，什么類(lèi)型的題目，它的答案和文字中哪個(gè)單詞是有密切關(guān)系的，長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的答案一般會(huì)出現(xiàn)在哪里，哪些地方需要注意的，其實(shí)這和閱讀是一樣的，有時(shí)候大家都是被一種思想給牽制：覺(jué)得其實(shí)文字給我看基本是能看懂的，所以聽(tīng)不出是我的能力不夠。這里的能看懂和能聽(tīng)懂的差別是很大的。所以看動(dòng)聽(tīng)不懂不是你的錯(cuò)，有時(shí)候在閱讀上你要使用技巧，為什么再長(zhǎng)對(duì)話里面就不使用呢?再建議你各種類(lèi)型長(zhǎng)對(duì)話背一篇，有時(shí)候聽(tīng)力也是考你一個(gè)信息容量的問(wèn)題，要是每種類(lèi)型都背過(guò)一篇，以后再遇到等于是一些替換，大意你是很清楚了，注意：背篇章需要同時(shí)記住接下來(lái)的提問(wèn)，這樣你不但把握文章概觀而且有能知道會(huì)問(wèn)什么問(wèn)題，在什么段問(wèn)問(wèn)題的靈感。
七、備考時(shí)多些激情。
在備考托福聽(tīng)力時(shí)，不要沒(méi)有目的的傻聽(tīng)，這里小編主張大家要精聽(tīng)，少泛聽(tīng)，特別是傻坐著，以為帶著耳機(jī)聽(tīng)到耳朵疼就會(huì)出效果了，如果你沒(méi)有激情，不去想想對(duì)話的場(chǎng)景，我在什么時(shí)候可以使用，那么你還不如去做語(yǔ)法和閱讀，畢竟你的備考時(shí)間并不是十分的寬裕。一個(gè)好的`英語(yǔ)環(huán)境對(duì)于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)說(shuō)是十分有幫助，這也是平時(shí)考生復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)最易忽略的。
托福聽(tīng)力的復(fù)習(xí)方法
方法一：精聽(tīng)練習(xí)
精聽(tīng)指的是一邊看著正確的文本一邊聽(tīng)錄音，聽(tīng)的時(shí)候要?jiǎng)澇鲎约翰皇煜さ膯卧~，在第一遍錄音結(jié)束后查單詞，然后再反復(fù)聽(tīng)，直到可以脫稿聽(tīng)為止。精聽(tīng)最適合的材料是SSS(Scientific American’s Sixty-second Science)，因?yàn)樗浅６蹋挥幸环昼�，但信息量很大，更重要的是，它是托福�?tīng)力出題的重要來(lái)源。
精聽(tīng)方法的4個(gè)步驟介紹：
步驟一：總聽(tīng)全文
在這里，考生就不需要對(duì)于內(nèi)容的細(xì)節(jié)過(guò)分的糾纏，你需要做的只有2件事：一是明確主題，大概知道你所聽(tīng)的段落講了什么事;二是尋找邏輯。英文文章的邏輯包括什么呢?只要能簡(jiǎn)單判斷出這篇文章是按時(shí)間順序?qū)懙倪�是空間順序;是現(xiàn)象解釋還是兩種觀點(diǎn)的比較等。所以在總聽(tīng)第一遍的時(shí)候，關(guān)注那些起承轉(zhuǎn)合的詞，可以幫我們快速把握文章的邏輯關(guān)系。
這就好比你聽(tīng)一個(gè)段落，當(dāng)你聽(tīng)到了in the past，那么你的預(yù)期就應(yīng)該是你后面可能會(huì)聽(tīng)到now，或者是in the future.聽(tīng)到“一些人認(rèn)為”，那你的反應(yīng)應(yīng)該是，接下來(lái)會(huì)談“另一些人或者我認(rèn)為的”。以前大家對(duì)于這樣的能夠提示你文章邏輯關(guān)系或順序的詞是不敏感的。總是在聽(tīng)寫(xiě)第一遍的時(shí)候就陷入細(xì)節(jié)。
步驟二：細(xì)聽(tīng)每句
具體操作建議一句話先聽(tīng)一遍，到了一個(gè)語(yǔ)意停頓的地方按暫停，通過(guò)你的回憶(memory)把這句話寫(xiě)下來(lái)。有同學(xué)可能說(shuō)，老師，一句話說(shuō)了十幾個(gè)詞，我才能寫(xiě)出三五個(gè)單詞，根本沒(méi)關(guān)系(it doesn’t matter)，因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)谶@里練的不是把聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容完全寫(xiě)下來(lái)的能力，而是鍛煉記憶和總結(jié)能力。這里記住：每句話只聽(tīng)一遍，盡力寫(xiě)出或復(fù)述(retell)出你聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容。能寫(xiě)多少算多少。開(kāi)始能寫(xiě)三五個(gè)詞，堅(jiān)持練習(xí)，就能寫(xiě)出更多的。
步驟三：反復(fù)琢磨
這一步是核心關(guān)鍵。“反復(fù)”在這里不是一個(gè)副詞(adverb)來(lái)修飾琢磨的，反復(fù)和琢磨都是動(dòng)詞(verb)，指既要反復(fù)，又要琢磨。反復(fù)多少次合適呢?我見(jiàn)過(guò)特用功(very diligent)的同學(xué)，一句話聽(tīng)不懂，他就發(fā)誓(swear)說(shuō)不把你聽(tīng)出來(lái)我就不吃飯!于是反復(fù)了三五十遍，聽(tīng)得眼睛都綠了，還是沒(méi)聽(tīng)明白。這不又是80%的努力用在了沒(méi)有效率的20%的事情上了。反復(fù)三五遍是最合適的。如果一句話反復(fù)三五遍還沒(méi)有聽(tīng)出來(lái)的話，再聽(tīng)十遍八遍和三五遍的效果是沒(méi)有太大區(qū)別的(no difference)。不過(guò)反復(fù)一兩遍又太少。不要急著知道說(shuō)得是什么，要通過(guò)反復(fù)三五遍，建立(to build)對(duì)整個(gè)句子的感覺(jué)(feeling)。
步驟四：總結(jié)全文
總結(jié)全文就是希望大家能夠在總結(jié)的時(shí)候做兩個(gè)工作。一是對(duì)照著自己寫(xiě)的聲音材料(material)再去聽(tīng)一遍原文。再看著聽(tīng)力原文在心里默默地(silently)把這篇文章讀一遍，同時(shí)回想(recall)剛才在這里為什么沒(méi)聽(tīng)出來(lái)。發(fā)現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，更重要的是采取策略(strategy)來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。如果因?yàn)槭菃卧~不認(rèn)識(shí)，我就多記兩遍。如果是因?yàn)榘l(fā)音問(wèn)題(pronunciation issue)，我就多跟讀兩遍。如果是因?yàn)榫湫途涫讲皇煜�，我就把這個(gè)句子單獨(dú)提出來(lái)分析(to analyze)一下，然后用這個(gè)句型再造兩個(gè)句子。其實(shí)一篇一分鐘左右的文章(essay)，如果我們每天堅(jiān)持用這四大步驟(step)練一遍的話，一個(gè)月下來(lái)，聽(tīng)力水平一定會(huì)突飛猛進(jìn)。
方法二：聽(tīng)寫(xiě)練習(xí)
聽(tīng)寫(xiě)指的是將一篇聽(tīng)力錄音中的原文全部聽(tīng)抄下來(lái)。對(duì)于準(zhǔn)備托�？荚嚨目忌裕詈玫穆�(tīng)寫(xiě)材料就是老托的段子。聽(tīng)寫(xiě)能最有效地檢驗(yàn)和提高一個(gè)人的辨音能力，聽(tīng)寫(xiě)之后對(duì)照正確文本，反復(fù)再聽(tīng)，直到可以全部聽(tīng)清楚為止，這是聽(tīng)力提高最有效的方法。
聽(tīng)寫(xiě)練習(xí)的3個(gè)步驟：
步驟一： 完整地聽(tīng)一到兩遍
千萬(wàn)不要一上來(lái)就急著動(dòng)筆，心急做不好聽(tīng)寫(xiě)。第一遍聽(tīng)的任務(wù)是要把內(nèi)容完整聽(tīng)過(guò)，抓住內(nèi)容大意。除了對(duì)話之外，托福的聽(tīng)力素材往往是有點(diǎn)學(xué)術(shù)的講座，綜合口語(yǔ)和綜合寫(xiě)作中的也是如此，不僅僅是日常生活那么簡(jiǎn)單，所以光記住那只言片語(yǔ)是不夠的，領(lǐng)會(huì)全篇的大意、理清邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)才是做好聽(tīng)力理解的第一步。
步驟二：逐句聽(tīng)寫(xiě)
第二步，要開(kāi)始聽(tīng)寫(xiě)了。一般來(lái)說(shuō)可以聽(tīng)一句寫(xiě)一句，如果聽(tīng)力基礎(chǔ)比較好，也可以邊聽(tīng)邊寫(xiě)。當(dāng)然，邊聽(tīng)邊寫(xiě)對(duì)聽(tīng)力理解的能力要求是比較高的，“輸入”和“輸出”同時(shí)進(jìn)行可是非常有挑戰(zhàn)性的!對(duì)大多數(shù)同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，還是建議聽(tīng)完一句后暫停錄音，寫(xiě)完后再聽(tīng)下一句。遇到聽(tīng)不懂、或者不確定的地方，可以倒回去重聽(tīng)。
步驟三：核對(duì)原文
終于把一段文字逐字逐句聽(tīng)寫(xiě)下來(lái)了，耳朵、腦袋和手指都有點(diǎn)疲倦了吧?不過(guò)核對(duì)答案的過(guò)程也非常重要!考生可以對(duì)照原文，用紅色改正出錯(cuò)的地方，找出自己的弱點(diǎn)所在：是辨音困難?是理解錯(cuò)誤?還是單詞拼寫(xiě)有疏漏?總之，哪里不會(huì)補(bǔ)哪里，對(duì)癥下藥才是關(guān)鍵!
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