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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法
上學(xué)的時(shí)候，很多人都經(jīng)常追著老師們要知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧，知識(shí)點(diǎn)就是一些�？嫉膬�(nèi)容，或者考試經(jīng)常出題的地方。哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)能夠真正幫助到我們呢？以下是小編精心整理的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
1) 一般否定句
I don‘t know this. No news is good news.
There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house.
2)特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him.
I am sorry for not coming on time.
I don‘t think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
3)部分否定
I don‘t know all of them.
I can‘t see everybody/everything.
All the answers are not right.(并非所有答案都對(duì)。)
All is not gold that glitters. (閃光的不一定都是金子。)
Both of them are not right.(并非兩人都對(duì)。)
4)全體否定
None of my friends smoke.
I can see nothing/nobody.
Nothing can be so simple as this.
Neither of them is right.
5) 延續(xù)否定
You didn‘t see him, neither/nor did I.
You don‘t know, I don‘t know either.
He doesn‘t know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French.
6) 半否定句
We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
I know little English.
I saw few people.
7) 雙重否定
You can‘t make something out of nothing.
What‘s done cannot be undone.
There is no sweet without sweat.
No gain without pains.
I can‘t help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
No man is so old but (that) he can learn.
8)排除否定
Everyone is ready except you.
He did nothing but play.
But for your help, I couldn‘t do it.
9)加強(qiáng)否定
I won‘t do it at all.
I can‘t see it any more.
He is no longer a boy
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：主謂倒裝
主謂倒裝
主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的核心，它們之間有兩種語(yǔ)序：一是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之前稱為自然語(yǔ)序(Natural Order);二是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之后則稱為倒裝語(yǔ)序(Inverted Order)。而倒裝語(yǔ)序中又有全部倒裝(Full Inversion)和部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)兩種情況。
首先，在全部倒裝的句子中，要把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)的前面去而構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。
例如：
There are large numbers of students in the lecture hall.
(在There be…的句式中，There只是個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞而不是主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面作表語(yǔ)的名詞或者名詞短語(yǔ)。因此，There be…的句式都是全部倒裝的句子。)演講廳里有大量的學(xué)生。
When he ran to the door, there stood a mid-aged man with a lantern in his hand .
(此句是為了"描述情節(jié)的需要"，把倒裝當(dāng)著修辭的手段而寫成了全部倒裝句。句子的主語(yǔ)是a mid-aged man，謂語(yǔ)是stood 。)當(dāng)他向房門跑去時(shí)，那兒正立著一位手里拿著一盞燈籠的中年男人。
另外，在部分倒裝的句子中，只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分(如情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、或是系動(dòng)詞be)放到主語(yǔ)的前面去，構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：
Are you going to take part in the football match against Accounting Department on Friday afternoon? (句子的謂語(yǔ)是are going to take part，are是句子的謂語(yǔ)的一部分;句子的主語(yǔ)是you 。所以，此句是部分倒裝的句子。疑問(wèn)句都是部分倒裝句。)你打算去參加星期五與會(huì)計(jì)系進(jìn)行的足球賽嗎?
Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang .(由于語(yǔ)法要求的原因，本句寫成了部分倒裝的句子。它的自然語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是：When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper.)他還未做完試卷，下課鈴就響了。
了解了倒裝語(yǔ)序的構(gòu)成情況后，我們?cè)賮?lái)看看倒裝語(yǔ)序在各種不同類句子中的使用情況：
A. 在疑問(wèn)句中
各種疑問(wèn)句一般地說(shuō)都是倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：
Will they come to see us this weekend ? 這個(gè)周末他們將來(lái)看我們嗎?
Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?
你們是在談?wù)撃銈兩现芤豢吹哪遣侩娪皢?
Can you speak another foreign language except English?
除開(kāi)英語(yǔ)，你還能說(shuō)另一種外語(yǔ)嗎?
Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?
你在哪兒買的這本詞典，是在附近的書(shū)店還是在新華書(shū)店?
She is not a student, isn‘t she ? 她不是個(gè)學(xué)生，對(duì)嗎?
B. 在感嘆句中
某些感嘆句也用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如：
Isn‘t it a beautiful garden ! 多么美麗的花園啊!
What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美麗的花園啊!(在這種句式中，主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之前，屬于自然語(yǔ)序。對(duì)于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)而言，語(yǔ)序沒(méi)有倒裝。)
Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him !
你見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)孩子像他這么調(diào)皮!
C. 在陳述句中
陳述句在一般情況下用自然語(yǔ)序;但由于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的某些原因，陳述句也要使用倒裝語(yǔ)序。這些原因大致可以歸納
1) 為了避免句子部分內(nèi)容不必要的重復(fù)，常用"so + be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)"或"neither / nor + be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)"的倒裝句式。其中第一個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的肯定情況相同"， 第二個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的否定情況相同"。例如：
His brother is a college student; so is mine.
他弟弟是大學(xué)生，我弟弟也是。
His brother is not a college student; nor is min .
他弟弟不是大學(xué)生，我弟弟也不是。
He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.
他曾去國(guó)外深造過(guò)，我也去過(guò)。
He didn‘t use to have his further study abroad; neither did I.
他沒(méi)去國(guó)外深造過(guò)，我也沒(méi)有。
One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.
我的一個(gè)朋友會(huì)說(shuō)三門外國(guó)語(yǔ)，他的妻子也會(huì)。
One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .我的一個(gè)朋友不會(huì)說(shuō)三門外國(guó)語(yǔ)，他的妻子也不會(huì)。
They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .
他們正在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備，我們也一樣。
They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .
他們沒(méi)在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備，我們也沒(méi)有。
2)具有否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)(除否定詞修飾主語(yǔ)外)，句子一般要寫成部分倒裝句。這類詞或短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如：
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .
她還沒(méi)來(lái)得及坐下來(lái)，就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人敲門。
Not until twelve o‘clock did he go to bed last night .
他昨晚直到十二點(diǎn)鐘才睡覺(jué)。
Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
我的妹妹們以前從未去過(guò)香港。
No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我從新西蘭一回國(guó)，就買了一棟房子并在那兒住下了。
So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
就我所知，瑪利幾乎很難回來(lái)看她媽媽。
Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定詞修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不用倒裝。) 去年秋天，這兒幾乎沒(méi)下一滴雨。
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