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指物的非限定性關(guān)系從句實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)介
A 主格
用which,這里不用that:
That block,Which cost£5 million to build,has been empty fof years.
那個(gè)街區(qū),就是花費(fèi)了500萬(wàn)英鎊建起來(lái)的那個(gè),已經(jīng)空置了多年了。
The 8∶15 train,which is usually very punctual,was late today.
8點(diǎn)15分的列車(chē)通常是正點(diǎn)的,今天晚點(diǎn)了。
口語(yǔ)中往往可能這么說(shuō):
That block cost£5 million to build and has been empty for years.
那個(gè)街區(qū)花費(fèi)了500萬(wàn)英鎊建成,已經(jīng)空置了多年了。
This 8∶15 train is usually punctual,but It was late today.
8點(diǎn)15分的列車(chē)通?偸钦c(diǎn)的,但是今天晚點(diǎn)了。
B 賓格
用which,這里不用that,而且which決不能省略:
She gave me this jumper,which she had knitted herself.
她送給我這件羊毛衫,這是她親手織的;颍
She gave me this jumper;she had knitted it herself.These books,which you can get at any bookshop,will give you all the in- formation you need.
這幾本書(shū),你可以在任何書(shū)店買(mǎi)到的,會(huì)向你提供你所需要的一切資料;颍
These books will give you all the information you need.You can get them at any bookshop.
C 介詞的賓語(yǔ)
介詞位于which之前或者位于從句之后,但不那么正式:
Ashdown Forest,through which we’ll be driving,isn’t a forest any longer.
阿斯頓森林,我們即將驅(qū)車(chē)通過(guò),已經(jīng)不再是森林了;颍
Ashdown Forest,which we’ll be driving through,isn’t a forest any longer.
His house,for which he paid£10,000,is now worth£50,000.
他花了一萬(wàn)英鎊買(mǎi)的房子,現(xiàn)在值五萬(wàn)英鎊;颍
His house,which he paid£10,000 for,is now…
D 與短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用的which
像下面的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞look after,look forward to,put up with(參見(jiàn)第三十八章)都應(yīng)被看做一個(gè)整體,即介詞/副詞不應(yīng)與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi):
This machine,which I have looked after for twenty years,is still working perfectly.
這臺(tái)機(jī)器我已經(jīng)照管了20年,現(xiàn)在仍然沒(méi)一點(diǎn)兒毛病。
Your inefficiency,which we have put up with far too long,is beginning to annoy our customers.
我們對(duì)你的不稱職容忍得太久,而顧客也開(kāi)始對(duì)此感到不滿意了。
E 所有格
用whose或of which。
whose一般用來(lái)指動(dòng)物和事物,of which可以用來(lái)指物,但是
除在很正式的英語(yǔ)中之外,比較罕見(jiàn)。
His house,whose windows were all broken,was a depressing sight.
他的房子窗戶無(wú)一完好,一派令人心酸的景象。
The car,whose handbrake wasn’t very reliable,began to slide backwards.
那輛車(chē)的手閘不太可靠,車(chē)開(kāi)始向后滑動(dòng)。
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