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2017年學(xué)位英語(yǔ)挑錯(cuò)練習(xí)題解題方法
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在三種英語(yǔ)從句中，名詞從句與副詞從句用得較多，錯(cuò)誤也較少。形容詞從句用得較少，但卻最易犯錯(cuò)，尤其是下列四種錯(cuò)法：
�、逯貜�(fù)形容詞中的賓語(yǔ)。例如：
*① The essay which John wrote it yesterday got a good grade.
*② Do you know the name of the man whom the police are looking for him?
在①里的形容詞從句中的"it"和②里的"him"都是重復(fù)的賓語(yǔ)，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)已經(jīng)由關(guān)系代詞"which"和"whom"接管了。因此，"it"和"him"是多余的，必須去掉。
㈡關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞不對(duì)。例如：
*③ This is the dog who ate up the food.
*④ Do you know the time which we must resume work?
�、劾锏年P(guān)系代詞"who"和④里的"which"都錯(cuò)。③里的先行詞是一種動(dòng)物，關(guān)系代詞里"which"或"that"才對(duì)。
�、芾锏南刃性~是“時(shí)間”，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞"when"才可。
�、缧稳菰~從句修飾的對(duì)象不符。例如：
*⑤ Malcolm finished the work and then left the office which was well-planned.
這里的形容詞從句"which was well-planned"，應(yīng)該修飾名詞"the work"，不是"the office"，因此犯了修飾的對(duì)象不符之錯(cuò)。最容易的改正方法，是使這個(gè)從句緊扣在先行詞"the work"后面，即：
�、� Malcolm finished the work which was well-planned and then left the office.
這樣的改正雖然符合語(yǔ)法，但句子顯得頭重腳輕，失去平衡;對(duì)是對(duì)，但是不好。我建議重整從句，以臻“既對(duì)且好”之境。試比較 7(a)，(b)和(c)：
�、遖. Malcolm left the office after he had finished the work which was well-planned.
b. Malcolm left the office after having finished the work which was well-planned.
c. Malcolm finished the well-planned work and then left the office.
三句中，⑦(c)一氣呵成，短小精悍，是上選。此外，⑦(c)把形容詞從句節(jié)縮為合成形容詞(compound adjective)，使句子簡(jiǎn)練有力。這點(diǎn)足以證明節(jié)縮句的好處。關(guān)于節(jié)縮方法，以后再談。在了解節(jié)縮法之前，千萬(wàn)不要隨便嘗試，以免犯錯(cuò)。例如： *⑧ A sentence is made up of a subject and a predicate is called a simple sentence.
�、嗬锏�"is made up of a subject and a predicate"是形容詞從句"which is made up of a subject and a predicate"的節(jié)縮體，但是錯(cuò)了。
根據(jù)形容詞從句的縮略規(guī)則，如果形容詞從句是被動(dòng)式的話(huà)，就要把關(guān)系代詞和助動(dòng)詞"be"一齊去掉：
⑨ Do you like the man who was introduced to you yesterday? → Do you like the man introduced to you yesterday?
�、� Please fill in each of the blanks which are provided below. → Please fill in each of the blanks provided below.
⑧里的關(guān)系代詞不見(jiàn)了，但是助動(dòng)詞"is"還在，莫怪整句讀起來(lái)，有點(diǎn)不順口;因此要改一改;
A sentence made up of a subject and a predicate is called a simple sentence.
"Though the standard of living is raised, the costs of living are also increasing."
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