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關(guān)于天文學(xué)的托福閱讀習(xí)題
從小學(xué)、初中、高中到大學(xué)乃至工作，我們都不可避免地要接觸到練習(xí)題，做習(xí)題有助于提高我們分析問題和解決問題的能力。一份什么樣的習(xí)題才能稱之為好習(xí)題呢？以下是小編為大家整理的關(guān)于天文學(xué)的托福閱讀習(xí)題，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
天文學(xué)的托福閱讀習(xí)題 1
第一道題目來自于TPO 8 Running Water on Mars
Paragraph 2: Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous-perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed.
Question: According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT:
A. They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains.
B. They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface.
C. They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches.
D. They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions.
解析：題干問的是原文關(guān)于“outflow channels”的描述。在真正考試中，把原文閱讀完畢再去和選項比較會花費較多時間。因此，比較合理的做題順序是，先讀選項，然后拿選項和原文信息去比對。
A選項說的是outflow channel的形成時間和火山活動在北部平原的發(fā)生時間是相同的�？焖贋g覽原文，只有在最后一句提到了它們的形成時間，說大概在30億年前，about引導(dǎo)的時間狀語很重要，補充說明了這一時間和北部火山平原形成的時間相同。A正確。
B選項說的.是火山形成的地點，只在火星表面的特定區(qū)域�？丛�，第二句，說的是它們只在赤道區(qū)域出現(xiàn)。B也正確。
C選項說的是它們有時候會流到曾經(jīng)的濕沙地上。原文在提到tidal beaches時，并沒有提到這一信息，因此，C選項是不符合原文的。
D選項說的是河水從赤道(南)向北流動。和原文第三句話吻合：這些河流的走向是從南部高低到北部平原。
因此，本題的正確答案為C項。
第二道題目來自于 TPO 16 Planets in Our Solar System
Paragraph 4: Other dimensions along which the two groups differ markedly are density and composition. The densities of the terrestrial planets average about 5 times the density of water, whereas the Jovian planets have densities that average only 1.5 times the density of water. One of the outer planets, Saturn, has a density of only 0.7 that of water, which means that Saturn would float in water. Variations in the composition of the planets are largely responsible for the density differences. The substances that make up both group of planets are divided into three groups-gases, rocks, and ices-based on their melting points. The terrestrial planets are mostly rocks: dense rocky and metallic material, with minor amounts of gases. The Jovian planets, on the other hand, contain a large percentage of the gases hydrogen and helium, with varying amounts of ices: mostly water, ammonia, and methane ices.
Question: Paragraph 4 mentions which of the following as a reason why terrestrial planets are dense?
A. They are made up of three groups of substances.
B. They are composed mainly of rocky and metallic materials.
C. They contain more ice than Jovian planets.
D. They contain relatively small amounts of water.
解析：題干問的是類地行星密度較大的原因。那我們只需將做題重點鎖定在原文描述“density”的信息上即可。原文中含有density的句子，第一句在說類地行星的密度和其他行星的密度比。第二句說的是土星密度。第三句說到行星結(jié)構(gòu)的不同影響著密度的不同。后面進一步闡釋組成行星的物質(zhì)：氣體，巖石以及冰。接著又提到類地行星主要由巖石組成。顯然，這就是它密度大的原因。綜合比較，應(yīng)該選B。
天文學(xué)的托福閱讀習(xí)題 2
if the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed， it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. nevertheless， some of these small changes are important. there are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. one of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation conversion of liquid water to water vapor. in this manner， the salinity is increased， since the salts stay behind. if this is carried to the extreme， of course， white crystals of salt would be left behind.
the opposite of evaporation is precipitation， such as rain， by which water is added to the ocean. here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. this may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation， or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.
normally， in tropical regions where the sun is very strong， the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. similarly， in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea， salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
a third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. when seawater is frozen， the dissolved materials are left behind. in this manner， seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. of course， when this ice melts， it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
in the weddell sea， off antarctica， the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process， which increases the salinity of cold water. this heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss？
A.the elements of salt
B.the bodies of water of the world
C.the many forms of ocean life
D.the salinity of ocean water
2. The word this in line 5 refers to
A.ocean
B.evaporation
C.salinity
D.crystals
3. According to the passage， the ocean generally has more salt in
A.coastal areas
B.tropical areas
C.rainy areas
D.turbulent areas
4. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity except
A.evaporation
B.precipitation
C.runoff
D.melting
5. Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body water can best be
inferred from the passage？
A.the temperature of the water is the most important factor.
B.the speed with which water moves is directly related to the amount of salt.
C.ocean salinity has little effect on sea life.
D.various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.
6. The word altered in line 16 is closest in meaning to
A.determined
B.changed
C.accumulated
D.needed
7. The world it in line 18 refers to
A.sea ice
B.salinity
C.seawater
D.manner
8. Why does the author mention the weddell sea？
A.to show that this body of water has salinity variations
B.to compare antarctic waters with arctic waters
C.to give an example of increased salinity due to freezing
D.to point out the location of deep waters
9. Which of the following is not a result of the formation of ocean ice？
A.the salt remains in the water.
B.the surrounding water sinks.
C.water salinity decreases.
D.the water becomes denser.
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