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初二英語過去完成時(shí)用法
過去完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”,側(cè)重事情的結(jié)果。下面是小編為大家整理的初二英語過去完成時(shí)用法的相關(guān)資料,僅供大家作參考使用。
初二英語過去完成時(shí)用法
一.用法
1. 過去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束,即發(fā)生在"過去的過去"。如:
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒來時(shí),雨已經(jīng)停了。(主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在"過去的過去")
2. 過去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),表示的是"過去的過去",只有和過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如:
He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 )
3. 過去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,它不能離開過去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與 already , yet , still , just , before , never 等時(shí)間副詞及 by , before , until 等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。
如:Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4. 過去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開始,一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間,而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束,仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。
如: By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. ( had worked 已有了 20 年,還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能)
二.過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別
雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1. 時(shí)間狀語不同:過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)"過去的過去";而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較:
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語作標(biāo)志時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷:先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí),后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。如:
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí),按時(shí)間順序,只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí);另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中,由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的`先后,因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)。如:
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
I (had) called her before I left the office.
初二英語過去完成時(shí)的判定
由"過去的過去"來判定。
過去完成時(shí)表示"過去的過去",是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí),在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在:
( 1 )賓語從句中
當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí),且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如:
She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )狀語從句中
在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中,主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的,要用過去完成時(shí),動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如:
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意: before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如:
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
( 3 )表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
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